Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy in which abnormal plasma cells may damage the kidneys, bone, and other organ systems.1-4 In the United States, more than 36,000 new diagnoses of multiple myeloma are expected each year, along with more than 12,000 multiple myeloma-associated deaths.5
Assessment of cytogenetic abnormalities and disease staging are important components of the evaluation of multiple myeloma, as these play a significant role in choosing optimal therapeutic pathways and gaining insight into potential treatment response. Important staging systems are the International Staging System (ISS) and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) (Table).1 Of note, a second revision of the international staging system (R2-ISS) is also employed, but it is only validated for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.1
Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN, et al. Cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J Clin. 2025;75:10-45. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21871
ALL URLs accessed April 21, 2025
